Pregnancy OSCAR Test and other down syndrome screen tests in the Philippines

As future parents, we want what is best for our children, starting when we are still carrying them inside our bodies. We will do what we can to ensure their utmost health. Fortunately, today’s technology allows us to prepare the best care for our little ones. In this article, we will discuss the OSCAR test.

What Is OSCAR Test?

Pregnant women are faced with a lot of tests and weeks of check-ups until delivery. This may be your first time hearing about it, so you may be wondering what is OSCAR Test.

The pregnancy OSCAR test or 'One-stop Clinic for Assessment of Risk for Fetal Anomalies' is a test carried out in the first trimester of the pregnancy. It's used to screen for the risk of fetal anomalies, particularly Down's Syndrome (Trisomy 21). The test is optional and is available at all hospitals.

So how is OSCAR Test done?

It involves a Nuchal Translucency (NT) scan and a blood test. If you wish to have it done, your doctor will schedule it usually between the 11th to 14th week of your pregnancy.

As for how to read OSCAR Test results, your doctor will relay whatever information they find and explain the next steps.

Depending on the results that determine whether you are at high risk or not, you can decide if you want further invasive testing such as CVS (Chorionic villus sampling).

This pregnancy OSCAR test is carried out in the first trimester to screen for the risk of fetal anomalies, particularly for Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21). It involves a Nuchal Translucency (NT) Scan and a blood test.

Another concern may be, how accurate is OSCAR Test? Also, how long does it take to get the OSCAR Test result?

The detection rate of Trisomy 21 by this method is about 90 percent, with a false positive rate of 5 percent.

• Procedure: Sample of mother's blood and ultrasound scan
• Release period of result: About two to three working days
• Cost: ~$300+ at Thomson Medical Centre

Other types of Down Syndrome screening in the Philippines

Aside from the OSCAR pregnancy test, there are other options for Down Syndrome screening in the Philippines.

1. Nuchal Translucency (NT) Scan

Nuchal Translucency is an ultrasound scan that measures the width of the spinal cord at the back of the baby's neck. It takes place between the 10th and 13th week of pregnancy. Doctors also call it the First Trimester Screening. Doctors usually recommend this assessment as part of the Oscar Test.

• Procedure: Via an ultrasound scan
• Release period of result: Immediately after the ultrasound scan is complete.

2. Triple Test or Maternal Serum Screening

The Triple Test measures a set of three hormones (alpha-fetoprotein, HCG, and Oestriol) in the blood of the pregnant mother. The test calculates a risk value based on the maternal age and the gestational age of the fetus at that time.

Compared to the OSCAR Test, it's usually done around between the 14th to 18th week of the pregnancy. Doctors also refer to it as the Second Trimester Screening. Its accuracy is only 65 percent, which is why this test is less popular.

• Procedure: The medical practitioner takes samples of the mother's blood.
• Release period of result: About seven working days

3. MaterniT21 Plus

MaterniT21 Plus is a new fetal DNA test launched in June 2013. It claims to have an even higher detection rate than the current first-trimester screenings.

Dr. Ann Tan, a gynecologist, and obstetrician who chairs the obstetrics and gynecology specialty interest group of Mount Elizabeth Hospital, claims that the MaterniT21 Plus is 99 percent accurate because it looks for the baby's DNA and not the mother's hormones.

Expectant mothers can do the new test as early as week 10 of pregnancy. This is earlier than the OSCAR Test, which is done between the 11th-14th week.

These screening tests are usually done as early as possible, in case there is a need to terminate the pregnancy. However, this test does not replace the old blood test and nuchal scan.

• Procedure: The medical practitioner will take a sample of the mother's blood.
• Release period of result: It takes about 10 working days or about two weeks after the samples go to the laboratory.

4. Non-Invasive Prenatal Tests (NIPT)

Available since late 2013, doctors can detect signs of Down Syndrome by obtaining the baby's DNA through the mother's blood sample.

Dr. Chua explains, "NIPT uses the maternal blood test to detect DNA from pregnancy. There is 99 percent accuracy with a low false-positive of 0.1 percent."

There are two types of NIPT in in the Philippines, namely Harmony Test and Panorama Test. The Harmony Test can take place from week 10 onwards of the pregnancy. Meanwhile, the Panorama Screening tests can be done from the ninth week.

The test should only be taken if a mother is classified as high-risk in first-level screening tests, which is about five percent of all pregnant mothers.

• Procedure: The medical practitioner takes samples of the mother's blood.
• Release period of result: It takes about 10 to 14 working days after sending the samples to a laboratory

My test reveals a high risk of Down Syndrome, so what now?

If the OSCAR pregnancy test or another screening test indicates a high risk of Down Syndrome, diagnostic tests may be performed to determine whether the baby actually has Down Syndrome. These are usually invasive options and pose a higher risk for both mother and baby.

Types of diagnostic tests

• Amniocentesis

  • Procedure: The medical practitioner will withdraw a sample of the amniotic fluid surrounding the baby through a needle inserted into the mother's womb. This ensures the result's accuracy is close to 100 percent. The test results arrive in about two to three weeks.
  • When: after 16 weeks of gestation
  • Risk of miscarriage: 0.1 to 0.3 percent or about one in 300 women

• Chorionic Villous Sampling (CVS)

  • Procedure: A sample of cells from the mother's placenta is taken to analyze the baby's genes, ensuring accuracy results of close to 100 percent. Expect results within 48 hours to one week.
  • When: between weeks nine and 14 of pregnancy
  • Risk of miscarriage: approximately one in 200

• Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS) or Cordocentesis

  • Procedure: This test involves taking a blood sample from a vein in the umbilical cord and examining blood cells for chromosomal defects. But due to its significantly higher risk of a miscarriage as compared to the previous two diagnostic tests, this is only offered as an alternative option. They employ this test when there are unclear test results from other methods.
  • When: after 18 weeks of gestation
  • Risk of miscarriage: 1.4 to 1.9 percent

Who are at higher risk?

The risk of Down Syndrome is directly related to the mother's age. The older the mother, the higher the risk. For example, a 20-year-old woman has a one in 1,500 risk of having a baby with Down's syndrome. In comparison, a 35-year-old woman has a one in 270 risk.

Additionally, about one in 100 women with a previous baby with Down Syndrome will have another. As Dr. Chua points out,

"Older mothers, history of Down Syndrome in a previous pregnancy or family history of Down Syndrome [and] history of recurrent miscarriages which could be due to translocation abnormalities (i.e. scrambled chromosomes) put the risk of Down Syndrome at a higher level."

Dr. Chua also notes that there is a slightly higher risk in boys than in girls, too.

There is no treatment or prevention method available for Down Syndrome. But there are a lot of available Down Syndrome screening tests in in the Philippines including the OSCAR Test. Because of these, fears may be allayed and parents are able to make appropriate choices for their family.

Moms, which Down Syndrome screening test did you choose? Do share your reasons for going for testing below!

Republished with permission from theAsianparent Singapore

Updates by Romy Pena Cruz

Here at theAsianparent Philippines, it's important for us to give information that is correct, significant, and timely. But this doesn't serve as an alternative for medical advice or medical treatment. theAsianparent Philippines is not responsible for those that would choose to drink medicines based on information from our website. If you have any doubts, we recommend consulting your doctor for clearer information.