A recent study by Marlene Stratmann and colleagues at Karlstad University in Sweden has revealed compelling links between gender nonconforming play in 7-year-olds and autism behavior, including autistic traits and behavioral difficulties. Published in the open-access journal PLOS ONE, the study analyzed the play behaviors of over 700 children, uncovering associations that may help parents and educators better understand the nuances of gender expression and child development.
What is Gender Nonconforming Play?
Gender nonconformity (GNC) refers to behavior or preferences that don’t align with typical societal gender norms. In children, GNC can appear through the toys they choose, the way they interact with peers, and even the activities they engage in during playtime. For example, a boy playing with dolls or a girl favouring traditionally masculine toys like cars or action figures may be expressing gender nonconformity. It’s important to note that GNC does not necessarily predict future gender dysphoria, though there are some overlapping tendencies.
Autism behavior and gender nonconforming play: Key findings from the study
The research focused on data from 718 children involved in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal, Mother and Child, Asthma and Allergy (SELMA) study. The children’s play behaviors were assessed using a tool called the Preschool Activities Inventory, which includes a mix of both “feminine” and “masculine” toys and activities. From the results, some interesting patterns emerged:
- Autism Behavior in Girls – Girls who engaged in more masculine, gender-nonconforming play were more likely to display autistic traits and behavioral challenges.
- Peer Relationship Issues in Boys – Boys who played with traditionally feminine toys or engaged in stereotypically “girl” activities tended to have more difficulties with peer relationships.
- Hyperactivity and Inattention – In both boys and girls, higher levels of masculine play were associated with issues like hyperactivity and inattention, regardless of their gender conformity.
While these findings suggest a connection between gender-nonconforming play and certain behavioural challenges, it’s crucial to note that the study does not establish causation. Simply put, gender-nonconforming play does not directly cause these difficulties but may reflect other underlying developmental factors.
Tips for Parents to Support Healthy Play
Understanding your child’s play behaviour can help support their emotional and social growth. Here are a few tips for parents and caregivers:
- Allow freedom in play choices – Encourage children to explore a variety of toys and activities, regardless of societal gender norms. Letting them engage with both “masculine” and “feminine” toys can enhance their creativity and problem-solving skills.
- Support open conversations – Talk to your children about the importance of being themselves. Make it clear that playing with any type of toy is perfectly normal and does not define who they are or their future behaviours.
- Monitor social interactions – If your child seems to struggle with peer relationships or shows signs of behavioural challenges, don’t hesitate to consult a specialist. Early support can make a significant difference in how children navigate their social world.
- Encourage inclusivity – Teach children about diversity in both play and social situations. Encouraging them to accept and include others, regardless of their gender expression, promotes empathy and understanding from an early age.
Moving Forward with Understanding
While the study focuses on gender-nonconforming play and its potential links to autism and behavioural issues, it’s important not to jump to conclusions. A boy who prefers dolls or a girl who loves cars is simply exploring their world. As the authors of the study remind us, gender-nonconforming play does not necessarily mean that a child will face behavioural challenges. Instead, understanding these patterns can help parents and caregivers provide the best healthy development environment, fostering individuality and inclusivity.
This study highlights the importance of supporting children’s choices in expressing themselves, particularly in play, as part of nurturing their growth into well-rounded individuals.
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